- Archetype - familiar character who has emerged from hundreds of years of fairytales and storytelling
- Stereotype - Ways of grouping people based on limited characteristics
- Generic type - a character familiar through use in a particular genre
Effects Theory
The Hypodermic Needle Model - Suggests that people just take in media passively (believing everything)
Two-Step Flow Theory - Being influenced by opinion leaders
Uses & Gratifications Theory - Audience are active individuals rather than passive ones. They will select what they watch, will consume in different ways and believe different things.
- Blumler and Katz Diversion - Escape from everyday problems and routine Personal Relationships - Using the media for emotional and other interaction, e.g substituting soap operas for family life Personal Identity - Finding yourself reflected in texts, learning behaviours and values from texts Surveillance - Information from which could be useful for living e.g news.
Reception Theory - Based on Stuart Halls encoding/decoding theory
the text is encoded by the producer and decoded by the reader. There may be a differences between two readings of a text based on different audiences
Narrative Theory:
Meaning : Roland Barthes - texts may be open (unravelled in a lot of different ways) or 'closed' (there is only one obvious thread to pull on). The threads that you pull on try to unravel meaning and are called narrative codes. (enigma code)
Structure: Toderov - Equilibrium, Disequilibrium, New equilibrium
Character: Vladimir Propp - Produced a typography of characters and their actions (31 character types in total)
Conflict and Resolution: Claude Levi-Strauss - recognised the constant creation of conflict/opposition propels narrative. Narrative can only end on a resolution of conflict. (Binary Oppositions)
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